Lighting Equipment, Four-bladed Rakes, Bamboo Winnows, and Scraper Used in Coal Pits
1958 - 1963

Yama no Tokagu, Ganzume, Kakiita, Waraji, Ebu
[Lighting Equipment, Four-bladed Rakes, Bamboo Winnows, and Scraper Used in Coal Pits]
21.2 x 30.3 cm Ink Painting

Figures on the Right Side

(There was reportedly a time when a miner mined coal, holding a small unglazed sake cup with oil and a burning wick between his teeth.)

Various Kinds of Lighting Equipment Used in Coal Pits
There may be other variants.

Two Figures at the Top
Tin Lamps (kantera) Using Blended Kerosene and Rapeseed Oil

Two Figures on the Second Row from the Top
Brass Lamp [Right] and Tin Lamp [Left] Using Carbide with Water in Their Upper Tanks

Two Figures on the Second Row from the Bottom
Safety Lantern with a Clanny-type Metal Net Chimney [Right] and One with a Metal Net and Glass Chimney [Left], Using Rapeseed Oil and/or Fish Oil

The joint between the chimney and the oil tank of the left one was fastened with a screw and sealed with white dough.

Two Figures at the Bottom
Safety Lanterns of German Make in the Taisho Era (1912-1926) [Right] and the Showa Era (1926-1989) [Left] Using Volatile Oil

A magnet was used to fasten or open the door of the left lantern.

Figure of a Present-day Miner Wearing a Cap Lamp

Figures on the Left Side

Mining Tools at the Top
[Right] Four-bladed Rake (ganzume) Mainly Used for Scraping Big Masses of Coal Underground in the Past
[Left] Straw Sandal for Surface Use

Mining Tools Next to the Top
[Right] Large Four-bladed Rake (o-ganzume) for Surface Use at Coal Washeries in the Past
[Left] Straw Sandal for Underground Use

Mining Tools Next to the Bottom
[Right] Scraper for Slack Coal (Dust Coal) Still Used Today
[Left] Bamboo Winnow Only Used Underground at Coalfaces in the Past

Mining Tool at the Bottom
Bamboo Winnow Still Used Today
It is called an ebijoke or ebu in Chikuzen (the northern part of Fukuoka), a hoge in Hizen (Saga), and a temi nationally.

Text in the Box at the Bottom Left
They did not know how to use slack coal in the Meiji era and hewers who produced a lot of slack coal were ostracized.


Translation Assisted by Mr. Nathan Johndro

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